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Coumarins are aromatic lactone compounds, many of which are found in natural plants. Coumarin compounds having an electron donating group at the 7-position show strong light absorption and emission, whereas unsubstituted coumarin compounds hardly emit light. This is because intramolecular charge transfer occurs when both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups are present in the coumarin molecule. The introduction of groups at the 3- or 4-position largely controls the wavelength of light absorption and emission. Furthermore, the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups at these positions can enhance the luminescence intensity.
Such coumarin dyes are useful for laser dyes emitting blue-green light.